Philosophy of Education by edy-koerniawan

Philosophy of Education

Philosophy of Education is applied from a general philosophy, so for discussing philosophy will depart from the philosophy of education.
Educational philosophy basically use the workings of philosophy and will use the results of philosophy, which formed as a result of human thinking about reality, knowledge, and values.
In philosophy there are various schools / streams, such as materialism, idealism, realism, pragmatism, and others. Because education is an applied philosophy of philosophy, while philosophy varied flow, hence in educational philosophy was we'll find a variety of flow, at least as much flow kurnagnya philosophy itself.
Brubacher (1950) classifies educational philosophy in two major groups, namely
a. Philosophy of education "progressive"
Supported by the philosophy of John Dewey's pragmatism, and the romantic naturalism of Roousseau
b. Philosophy of education "Conservative".
Based on the philosophy of idealism, realism humanism (rational humanism), and supernaturalism or religious realism.

Philosophies that gave birth to the philosophy of education essentialism, perenialisme, and so forth.

The following streams in the philosophy of education:
1. Idealism Philosophy of Education considers that the final reality is spirit, not material, not physical. The knowledge gained through our five senses is uncertain and incomplete. It looked at the value stream is fixed and unchanging, like what is said to be good, true, beautiful, ugly is fundamentally unchanged from generation to generation. The characters in this genre are: Plato, Elea and Hegel, Emanuael Kant, David Hume, Al Ghazali

2. Educational Philosophy Realism is a philosophy that views reality dualitis. Realism argues that the essence of reality is composed of the physical world and spiritual world. Realism divides reality into two parts, the subjects are aware and know on the one hand and on the other is the existence of realities beyond human, that can be made the object of human knowledge. Some figure that wing realism: Aristotle, Johann Amos Comenius, William Mc Gucken, Francis Bacon, John Locke, Galileo, David Hume, John Stuart Mill.

3. Educational Philosophy Materialism holds that the essence of realism is the material, not spiritual, spiritual or supernatural. Some figure that wing materialism: Demokritos, Ludwig Feurbach

4. Educational Philosophy Pragmatism is seen as the Native American philosophy. But in fact originate in the philosophy of British empiricism, which holds that human beings can know what the natural human. Some leaders who embrace this philosophy are: sandre Charles Peirce, William James, John Dewey, Heracleitos.

5. Educational Philosophy Existentialism focuses on individual experiences. In general, existentialism menekankn creative options, the subjectivity of human experience and the concrete actions of human existence on any rational scheme for the human essence or reality. Some figures in this genre: Jean Paul Satre, Soren Kierkegaard, Martin Buber, Martin Heidegger, Karl Jasper, Gabril Marcel, Paul Tillich

6. Philosophy of Education progressivism is not a philosophy or philosophical school building that stands alone, it is a movement and association, founded in 1918. This school argues that the right knowledge at the present time may not be true in the future. Education should be centered on the child rather than focusing on the teacher or the cargo area. Some figures in this genre: George Axtelle, William O. Stanley, Ernest Bayley, Lawrence B. Thomas, Frederick C. Neff

7. Philosophy of Education essentialism essentialism is a conservative educational philosophy which was originally formulated as a criticism on progressive trends in schools. They argue that the progressive movement has destroyed the intellectual standards and morals among the young. Some figures in this genre: william C. Bagley, Thomas Briggs, Frederick Breed and Isac L. Kandell.

8. Philosophy of Education Perenialisme It is a stream in education who were born in the twentieth century. Perenialisme born as a reaction against progressive education. They oppose the view of progressivism that emphasizes change and something new. Perenialisme looked at the situation today's world full of chaos, uncertainty, and disorder, especially in the life of moral, intellectual and socio kultual. Therefore there should be efforts to secure these irregularities, by way of reusing values or general principles that have become a strong outlook on life, strong and tested. Several prominent supporters of this idea are: Robert Maynard Hutchins and Adler ortimer.

9. Philosophy of Education is a continuation of the Reconstructionist movement progressivism. This movement was born based on an assumption that the only progressive thinking and get involved with community issues that exist today. Reconstructionist pioneered by George Counts and Harold Rugg in 1930, wants to build a new society, a decent and fair society. Some figures in this genre: Caroline Pratt, George Counts, Harold Rugg.

The phenomenon of "Life Forward"
Every person, certainly want a happy life. One of them that live better than before or can be called more advanced life. The advanced life support or could be realized through education. Associated with penjelasaan above, in my opinion appropriate education philosophy or lead to the establishment of an advanced life that is a conservative philosophy that is supported by an idealism, rationalism (truth). That's because the philosophy of education leads to the result of human thinking about reality, knowledge, and values as mentioned above.
Thus, schools of philosophy that fit and in accordance with the education that leads to an advanced life according to my mind the philosophy of education progressivism (focusing on students). But it would be better if all the above philosophy can complement each other.